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Timeline - History of Israel

c. 1700 BC Abraham moved to the land of Canaan

c. 1650 BC Jews moved to Egypt

c. 1250 BC Moses led the Jews from Egypt

c. 1012 BC Saul unified the 12 Hebrew tribes into the united kingdom of Israel

1004-965 BC David's reign

964-926 BC Solomon's reign and climax of the Kingdom of Israel

950 BC the First Temple was built by King Solomon

926 BC unified Kingdom of Israel was divided in to Kingdom of Judah, the southern Kingdom and Kingdom of Israel on north

722 BC the Assyrians conquered the Kingdom of Israel

587-539 BC the Babylonian captivity

c. 515 BC the Second Temple was built

167-163 BC Maccabee revolt against forced Hellenization

140-63 BC The Hasmonean Kingdom

63 BC Jerusalem was conquered by Roman general Pompeius Magnus (Pompey the Great)

37 BC Herod the Great became the King of the Jews, appointed by the Roman Senate; Judaea became a client kingdom of the Roman Empire

4 BC after Herold's death, Kingdom of Judaea was divided among his three sons: Archelaus, Herod Antipas, and Herod Philip

6 AD Kingdom of Judaea became a province of the Roman Empire, called Iudaea

66-73 AD The Great Revolt or the first Jewish-Roman War was the revolt of the Jews of Judaea Province against the Roman Empire

70 AD The Second Temple was destroyed by Titus

73 AD The fall of Masada

132-135 AD Bar Kokhba’s revolt against the Roman Empire or The Second Jewish-Roman War broke out, after the Roman Emperor Hadrian planed to rebuild Jerusalem as a pagan city and built the temple dedicated to Jupiter, on the ruins of the Second Temple

135 AD Jews were forbidden entering Jerusalem and driven into exile

638 AD Jerusalem was conquered by Caliph Omar

1099 AD Jerusalem was conquered by the Crusaders after a four-week long siege. Thousands of Jews were killed throughout Europe and in the Middle East

1290 AD Jews were expelled from England, 1394 AD from France, 1492 AD from Spain, 1493 AD from Sicily, 1496 AD from Portugal and from many German cities. Jews were falsely accused of blood libel (drinking of the blood of the Christian children) and of torturing consecrated host wafers in a reenactment of the Crucifixion. The real cause for persecution of the Jews probably laid in their financial influence

1881 AD the first big wave of modern immigration to Israel

1894 AD Theodor Herzl published Der Judenstaat (The Jewish State), in which he called for the establishment of a national Jewish state

1897 AD the first World Zionist Congress in Basel, Switzerland, was organized by Theodor Herzl. In the Congress took part Jewish delegations from all around the world.

1917 AD British Foreign Minister Lord Balfour issue on November 2, 1917, so-called Balfour Declaration, which gave official support for "the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people", with the commitment not to prejudicing the rights of the non-Jewish communities

1933 AD beginning of persecution of the Jews in the Nazi Germany

1935 AD The Nuremberg Race Laws (The Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor, and The Reich Citizenship Law) passed on September 15, 1939 AD, prohibited marriages and extra-marital intercourse between Jews and other Germans, and took away Jewish of basic citizens rights

1938 AD the Night of Broken Glass (Kristallnacht); approximately 100 Jews were murdered and another 30,000 sent to concentration camps, while many synagogues and other Jewish property throughout Germany were burned or destroyed

1938-1945 AD the Holocaust; approximately 6 million Jews were murdered by Nazi Germany and its collaborators throughout Europe

1947 AD The United Nations approved the partition Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states on November 29, 1947 AD

1948 AD on the day, when the British Mandate in Palestine expired, the State of Israel was proclaimed on May 14, 1948 AD, by the Jewish National Council under presidency of David Ben Gurion

1948-1949 AD the Arab-Israeli War; the Arabs refused to accept the newly established State of Israel. Egypt, Syria, Transjordan, Lebanon, and Iraq attacked Israel, but within a year Israel defeated it's attackers.

1950 AD western Jerusalem was proclaimed the capital city of Israel on January 23, 1950 AD

1956 AD the Suez Crisis; Israelis invaded Egypt territory in October 1956 AD, after Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the company which administrated the Suez Canal. Followed by a joint attack by the French and British, Egypt suffered military disaster in November 2, 1956 AD. Israel captured Sinai Peninsula but after international condemnation, Israel was forced to withdraw

1967 AD the Six Day War; after Egypt closed the Straits of Tiran in May 22, 1967 AD, Israel launched attack on Egyptian, Jordanian, Syrian, and Iraqui airports in June 5, 1967 AD. After six days Israel conquered Jerusalem, Golan Heights, Sinai, and West Bank.

1973 AD the Yom Kippur War; on October 6, 1973 AD, on the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur, Syria and Egypt launched a surprise attack against Israel. After initial success of the attackers, Israel managed to cross the Suez into Egypt and endangered Cairo. After the intervention of USA and SSSR, military operations ended on October 25, 1973 AD.

1978 AD The Camp David Accord was signed by Israeli Prime Minister Menahen Begin and Egyptian President Anvar as Sadat in September 1978 AD, in Camp David, USA. Israel agreed to withdraw from the occupied Sinai Peninsula.

1979 AD The Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty was signed on March 26, 1979 AD, in Washington

1982 AD The Lebanon War; Israel invaded Southern Lebanon to push PLO 40-km from Israeli frontiers

1987-1990 AD the First Intifada against Israel; the Palestinian uprising led to a series of violent incidents between Palestinians and Israelis

1991 AD The Madrid Peace Conference was opened on October 30, 1991 AD, to start a peace process in the Middle East. The Conference ended on November 3, 1991 AD, and the delegates of Israel, Syria, Lebanon, and the Jordan-Palestinian delegation left without any concrete progress, but the Madrid Peace Conference initiated to further bilateral negotiations between Israel and it's Arabic neighbours.

1993 AD Israeli Prime Minister, Yitzhak Rabin, and the PLO chairman, Yasser Arafat, signed the Oslo Accords on September 13, 1993 AD, in Washington. The Accords granted the Palestinians right to self-government on the Gaza Strip and the city of Jericho in the West Bank.

1994 AD Israel and Jordan signed an official peace treaty on October 26, 1994 AD

1995 AD Israeli Prime Minister and Nobel Peace Prize winner Yitschak Rabin was assassinated on November 4, 1995 AD, by a right-wing Jewish radical

2000 AD The al-Aqsa Intifada or the Second Intifada, a new wave of violence between Palestinians and Israelis began on September, 2000 AD